[
 {
  "id": "R1",
  "name": "Advanced AI going badly",
  "why_it_matters": "Advanced AI could be misused for cyberattacks, mass surveillance and propaganda, could concentrate economic and political power in a few firms or states, and could become hard to control as systems grow more capable. It ranks high because capability is rising fast, the systems are built offshore by a handful of companies, and rules lag well behind. It makes other risks worse: it lowers the cost of designing pathogens and cyber weapons, speeds up disinformation, and adds pressure to great-power rivalry.",
  "stakes_for_nz": {
   "text": "New Zealand builds none of the frontier models it depends on, so its influence comes from how it regulates use at home and which international rules it joins. Its public services, power grid and small firms are already targets for cyberattack, and AI makes those attacks cheaper and faster.",
   "number_to_know": "5,995 cyber security incidents were reported to the National Cyber Security Centre in 2024/25, 331 of potential national significance and about a quarter linked to suspected state-sponsored actors (NCSC Cyber Threat Report 2025).",
   "source": {
    "title": "NCSC, Cyber Threat Report 2025: incident reporting analysis",
    "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/insights-and-research/cyber-threat-reports/cyber-threat-report-2025/incident-reporting-analysis/"
   }
  },
  "nz_controls": [
   "Law: decide whether to pass an AI-specific law or rely on privacy, consumer and human rights law, and set rules for high-risk uses such as deepfakes and automated decisions.",
   "Capability: a central point in government (an AI office or minister) to track risks, assess systems the state buys, and fund the National Cyber Security Centre.",
   "Infrastructure: conditions on data centres, government data held offshore, and public procurement of AI."
  ],
  "nz_with_others": [
   "OECD and the Global Partnership on AI: shared principles and testing methods New Zealand can adopt rather than invent.",
   "Australia and the Pacific: aligned standards, joint cyber defence and shared incident response.",
   "United Nations: talks on lethal autonomous weapons under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, and UN processes on AI governance."
  ],
  "status_quo": "The government's July 2025 AI Strategy takes a light-touch, risk-based approach with no AI-specific law, relying on existing law and voluntary business guidance. Cabinet adopted the OECD AI Principles in June 2024, and an under-16 social media bill that would cover AI firms was introduced in August 2026 but had no first reading before the election.",
  "ratings": {
   "current-settings": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "AI Strategy 2025: existing laws, voluntary guidance, no AI-specific law",
    "with_others_note": "Cabinet adopted OECD AI Principles (June 2024); strategy stresses alignment",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "DLA Piper, Quick on the uptake: New Zealand's new strategic approach to artificial intelligence",
      "url": "https://www.dlapiper.com/en/insights/publications/2025/07/quick-on-the-uptake-new-zealand-s-new-strategic-approach-to-artificial-intelligence",
      "date": "2025-07-09"
     },
     {
      "title": "NCSC, Cyber Threat Report 2025: incident reporting analysis",
      "url": "https://www.ncsc.govt.nz/insights-and-research/cyber-threat-reports/cyber-threat-report-2025/incident-reporting-analysis/",
      "date": "2025-12-01"
     }
    ]
   },
   "national": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Under-16 social media bill brings AI firms under online regulator",
    "with_others_note": "No international AI position in party documents",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "National, Government moves to ban U16s from social media",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260826043303/https://www.national.org.nz/news/260824-christopherluxon",
      "date": "2026-08-24"
     },
     {
      "title": "National, Building the Future: 47-point plan to support small businesses (PDF)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261007034501/https://assets.national.org.nz/web/prod/National%E2%80%99s%2047-point%20plan%20to%20support%20Small%20Businesses.pdf?v=1791324870",
      "date": "2026-10-07"
     }
    ]
   },
   "labour": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Office of AI in DPMC, online safety regulator, deepfake ban; uncosted",
    "with_others_note": "Align AI standards with Australia; Pacific work on shared security",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Labour, AI in New Zealand's interests",
      "url": "https://www.labour.org.nz/ai-for-new-zealand",
      "date": "2026-09-09"
     },
     {
      "title": "Labour, Safer online (PDF)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261018220554/https://www.labour.org.nz/safer-online",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     }
    ]
   },
   "greens": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "AI office then independent commission, labelling, high-risk audits; uncosted",
    "with_others_note": "Back international autonomous weapons ban; align with EU AI Act",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Safe, sovereign AI: An AI Plan for Aotearoa (PDF)",
      "url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/beachheroes/pages/97177/attachments/original/1791760041/AI_policy_2026_WEBSITE.pdf?1791760041",
      "date": "2026-10-12"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Digital Technology (Manifesto 2026)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260813024350/https://www.greens.org.nz/manifesto_2026_digital_technology",
      "date": "2026-08-13"
     }
    ]
   },
   "act": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "Seymour: someone in government should own AI policy; no measure",
    "with_others_note": "Seymour: be a fast follower of overseas AI regulation",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "1News, Analysis: AI has finally entered the election campaign arena",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/10/04/analysis-ai-has-finally-entered-the-election-campaign-arena/",
      "date": "2026-10-04"
     },
     {
      "title": "1News, Election 2026: What parties say about the threat of AI to fool voters",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/02/10/election-2026-what-parties-say-about-the-threat-of-ai-to-fool-voters",
      "date": "2026-02-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "nz-first": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Names deepfake threat; pledges to label own AI content only",
    "with_others_note": "No international AI position found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "1News, Election 2026: What parties say about the threat of AI to fool voters",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/02/10/election-2026-what-parties-say-about-the-threat-of-ai-to-fool-voters",
      "date": "2026-02-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "te-pati-maori": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Names harm from fake AI images; wants disclosed, tikanga-consistent use",
    "with_others_note": "No international AI position found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "1News, Election 2026: What parties say about the threat of AI to fool voters",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/02/10/election-2026-what-parties-say-about-the-threat-of-ai-to-fool-voters",
      "date": "2026-02-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "opportunity": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Promises a robust AI framework protecting creators' IP; no detail",
    "with_others_note": "Backs CISAC Paris Commitment, a non-government pledge only",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Arts and culture statement",
      "url": "https://www.opportunity.org.nz/arts_and_culture_statement",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     },
     {
      "title": "1News, Analysis: AI has finally entered the election campaign arena",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/10/04/analysis-ai-has-finally-entered-the-election-campaign-arena/",
      "date": "2026-10-04"
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "nobody_addresses": "No party addresses loss of control over frontier AI or how New Zealand would assess or test powerful models, and none links AI to cyber defence, biological misuse or election security. No party commits to an AI safety institute, a national testing capability, or joining the international network of such institutes.",
  "question_to_ask": "If an AI system were used to attack New Zealand's power grid or flood the election with fake videos, which agency would be responsible, and what would your party give it to act?"
 },
 {
  "id": "R2",
  "name": "Climate change and ecological breakdown",
  "why_it_matters": "Warming and the loss of species, soils and fresh water erode the food, water and stable climate that economies and societies rest on. It ranks high because the damage is already arriving, compounds over decades and cannot be reversed on any timescale that matters to voters. It makes other risks worse by driving food price shocks, migration and state fragility, which feed conflict and strain trust in institutions.",
  "stakes_for_nz": {
   "text": "New Zealand's export earnings depend on climate-sensitive farming and on keeping pests and diseases out, and it imports most of its fuel, fertiliser inputs and many foods. Its Pacific neighbours face sea-level rise and displacement first, and New Zealand is the regional partner they turn to for finance, migration pathways and disaster response.",
   "number_to_know": "New Zealand's $1.3b climate finance package for 2022 to 2025 expired, and climate finance for 2025 fell from $250m to $100m.",
   "source": {
    "title": "RNZ, Climate finance cut to $100m as $1.3b package ends (Budget 2025)",
    "url": "https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/561945/pacific"
   }
  },
  "nz_controls": [
   "Biosecurity: border funding, penalties and the Biosecurity Act rewrite, which guard farming and native species against pests that spread as the climate shifts.",
   "Supply resilience: stocks and diversified sources for fuel, fertiliser and food inputs, so a global harvest failure or shipping shock does not become a domestic crisis.",
   "Planning for climate migration: residence and visa pathways for Pacific people displaced by sea-level rise, set in New Zealand law."
  ],
  "nz_with_others": [
   "UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement: the ambition of New Zealand's own NDC and its voice for 1.5 degrees at COP negotiations.",
   "Pacific Islands Forum: climate finance, loss and damage support, and a regional deal on displacement and resettlement (New Zealand hosts the Forum in 2027).",
   "Biodiversity and ocean treaties: the Convention on Biological Diversity and the High Seas (BBNJ) Treaty, plus trade-based food and input security arrangements."
  ],
  "status_quo": "New Zealand stays in the Paris Agreement with a 2035 NDC, but its multi-year climate finance package ended in 2025 and no new multi-year package was found by the cut-off. At home, biosecurity is funded in baseline and a Biosecurity Act amendment bill is due in 2026, while adaptation cost-sharing has been deferred.",
  "ratings": {
   "current-settings": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Funded biosecurity system; Biosecurity Act amendment bill scheduled for 2026; adaptation cost-sharing deferred.",
    "with_others_note": "In Paris with a 2035 NDC; $100m for 2025; no new multi-year package.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "MPI, Proposed amendments to the Biosecurity Act",
      "url": "https://www.mpi.govt.nz/proposed-amendments-to-the-biosecurity-act",
      "date": "2026-06-19"
     },
     {
      "title": "RNZ, Climate finance cut to $100m as $1.3b package ends (Budget 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/561945/pacific",
      "date": "2025-05-23"
     },
     {
      "title": "Oxfam Aotearoa, COP30 reaction: NZ must deliver",
      "url": "https://www.oxfam.org.nz/news-media/media-releases/cop30-reaction-nz-must-deliver/",
      "date": "2025-11-24"
     },
     {
      "title": "Climate Change Response Act 2002",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2002/0040/latest/whole.html",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     }
    ]
   },
   "national": {
    "home": "Funded plan",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Biosecurity Act rewrite and tougher border penalties; $10m Critical Agri Inputs fund from existing fund.",
    "with_others_note": "Backs Paris; ratify High Seas Treaty; fertiliser supply deals; Pacific aid protected.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "National, Growing more to feed the world (PDF)",
      "url": "https://assets.national.org.nz/web/prod/Growing%20More%20to%20Feed%20the%20World.pdf?v=1792108210",
      "date": "2026-10-16"
     },
     {
      "title": "National, National's plan for healthy fisheries",
      "url": "https://www.national.org.nz/news/261010-toddmcclay",
      "date": "2026-10-10"
     },
     {
      "title": "National, More medicines and earlier care",
      "url": "https://www.national.org.nz/policies/more-medicines-and-earlier-care",
      "date": "2026-10-06"
     }
    ]
   },
   "labour": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Says climate, conflict and migration cross borders; no domestic knock-on preparedness measure.",
    "with_others_note": "Stay in Paris; Pacific deal on adaptation and displacement; aid to 0.7% uncosted.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Labour, Speech: Labour's foreign policy",
      "url": "https://www.labour.org.nz/news/speech-labours-foreign-policy/",
      "date": "2026-09-23"
     },
     {
      "title": "Labour, Speech: New Zealand, an independent voice in the world",
      "url": "https://www.labour.org.nz/news/speech-new-zealand-an-independent-voice-in-the-world/",
      "date": "2026-09-23"
     },
     {
      "title": "Labour, Labour to accelerate climate action",
      "url": "https://www.labour.org.nz/news/release-labour-to-accelerate-climate-action/",
      "date": "2026-09-08"
     }
    ]
   },
   "greens": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Resilience standards for utilities; food system rules; stronger biosecurity; seed banks; uncosted.",
    "with_others_note": "Restore Pacific climate finance; loss and damage; protect displaced people; CBD; uncosted.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Climate Action: Resilience and Adaptation",
      "url": "https://www.greens.org.nz/manifesto_2026_climate_action_resilience_adaptation",
      "date": "2026-08-13"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Biodiversity and Environmental Regeneration Policy",
      "url": "https://www.greens.org.nz/biodiversity_environmental_regeneration_policy",
      "date": "2026-08-28"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Pacific Peoples",
      "url": "https://www.greens.org.nz/manifesto_2026_pacific_peoples",
      "date": "2026-08-13"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Climate Change Policy",
      "url": "https://www.greens.org.nz/climate_change_policy",
      "date": "2026-08-31"
     }
    ]
   },
   "act": {
    "home": "Silent",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "No measure found on food, biosecurity or other global climate knock-ons.",
    "with_others_note": "Split-gas NDC with targets tied to trading partners; aid cut to 2017 levels.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "ACT, Paris Needs to Change",
      "url": "https://www.act.org.nz/paris",
      "date": "2026-08-11"
     },
     {
      "title": "ACT, Scrap Net Zero, Cut the Carbon Tax (PDF)",
      "url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/actnz/pages/37031/attachments/original/1788642905/Scrap_Net_Zero_policy_09.pdf?1788642905",
      "date": "2026-09-06"
     },
     {
      "title": "ACT, New Zealand can't keep exporting taxpayers' money",
      "url": "https://www.act.org.nz/news/new-zealand-can-t-keep-exporting-taxpayers-money",
      "date": "2026-10-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "nz-first": {
    "home": "Silent",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "No measure found on food, biosecurity or climate knock-ons; fuel survey is energy policy.",
    "with_others_note": "Withdraw from the Paris Agreement; no alternative cooperation proposed.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "NZ First, Policy index (includes 'We Will Withdraw From The Paris Accord')",
      "url": "https://www.nzfirst.nz/policy",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     },
     {
      "title": "Policy.nz 2026",
      "url": "https://policy.nz/",
      "date": "2026-10-21"
     }
    ]
   },
   "te-pati-maori": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Names fossil import dependence and energy shocks; adaptation for at-risk communities is domestic.",
    "with_others_note": "No international climate, Pacific finance or biodiversity treaty position found.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Te Pāti Māori, Climate",
      "url": "https://www.maoriparty.org.nz/climate",
      "date": "2026-06-03"
     },
     {
      "title": "Te Pāti Māori, We Want Cheaper Power and We Want Our People To Own It",
      "url": "https://www.maoriparty.org.nz/we_want_cheaper_power_and_we_want_our_people_to_own_it",
      "date": "2026-09-16"
     }
    ]
   },
   "opportunity": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Increase conservation and biosecurity funding, with no amount or vehicle stated.",
    "with_others_note": "Tie emissions budgets and NDC to Paris 1.5 degrees; book NDC cost as liability.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Climate Action",
      "url": "https://www.opportunity.org.nz/climate_action",
      "date": "2026-08-19"
     },
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Healthy Land",
      "url": "https://www.opportunity.org.nz/healthy_land",
      "date": "2026-08-11"
     },
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Bottom Lines",
      "url": "https://www.opportunity.org.nz/bottom_lines",
      "date": "2026-09-29"
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "nobody_addresses": "No party sets out how New Zealand would cope with a simultaneous global harvest failure or shipping disruption (food, fuel and fertiliser stocks together). No party costs a post-2025 climate finance package or a legal pathway for Pacific climate migrants.",
  "question_to_ask": "How much climate finance would your party give the Pacific each year from 2026, and where is it in your fiscal plan?"
 },
 {
  "id": "R3",
  "name": "Engineered pandemics",
  "why_it_matters": "A pathogen engineered to spread faster or kill more than natural strains, released by accident or on purpose, could cause far more harm than COVID-19. It ranks high because the tools to design and make biological agents are getting cheaper and easier to use, while screening of DNA orders and lab oversight remain patchy and voluntary in most countries. It makes other risks worse: a severe pandemic strains public finances, trust in government and supply chains, and AI could lower the skill needed to cause one.",
  "stakes_for_nz": {
   "text": "Border closure bought New Zealand time in 2020, but the Royal Commission found the country was poorly prepared before COVID-19 arrived and that a standing legal framework is still missing. As a small, trade-dependent island country, New Zealand relies on early warning from the WHO and partners and on access to vaccines it does not make.",
   "number_to_know": "The COVID-19 Royal Commission made 63 recommendations; in July 2026 the government accepted 21 in full, 36 in principle and 6 in part, and declined a standalone pandemic law (government response, 29 July 2026).",
   "source": {
    "title": "1News, Govt accepts most Covid inquiry recommendations with some caveats",
    "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/07/29/govt-accepts-most-covid-inquiry-recommendations-with-some-caveats/"
   }
  },
  "nz_controls": [
   "Law: a standing pandemic law, or a rewritten Health Act, that sets powers for lockdowns, borders and quarantine with rights safeguards and select committee scrutiny.",
   "Capability: surveillance and wastewater testing, laboratory capacity, quarantine readiness, stockpiles and a plan to get vaccines fast.",
   "Biosecurity: rules on gene technology and on who can order synthetic DNA or work with dangerous pathogens."
  ],
  "nz_with_others": [
   "World Health Organization: the International Health Regulations (including the 2024 amendments) and the WHO Pandemic Agreement, which covers pathogen and benefit sharing.",
   "Biological Weapons Convention: verification and confidence-building measures to deter deliberate release.",
   "Australia and the Pacific: shared early warning, laboratory networks and vaccine supply deals."
  ],
  "status_quo": "New Zealand works from an interim Pandemic Plan (July 2024) and a Public Health Surveillance Strategy 2025 to 2030, with a Pandemic Strategic Framework still in development; the government's July 2026 response to the Royal Commission declined a standalone pandemic law in favour of a Health Act review. In March 2026 New Zealand rejected the 2024 amendments to the International Health Regulations, and its position on the WHO Pandemic Agreement awaits a national interest test.",
  "ratings": {
   "current-settings": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "Interim plan, surveillance strategy, Health Act review; extras need new funding",
    "with_others_note": "Rejected 2024 IHR amendments; Pandemic Agreement awaits national interest test",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Ministry of Health, Preparing for future pandemics",
      "url": "https://www.health.govt.nz/strategies-initiatives/programmes-and-initiatives/emergency-management/pandemics/preparing-for-future-pandemics",
      "date": "2026-07-21"
     },
     {
      "title": "1News, Govt accepts most Covid inquiry recommendations with some caveats",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/07/29/govt-accepts-most-covid-inquiry-recommendations-with-some-caveats/",
      "date": "2026-07-29"
     },
     {
      "title": "Ministry of Health, Amending the International Health Regulations (2005)",
      "url": "https://www.health.govt.nz/strategies-initiatives/programmes-and-initiatives/emergency-management/pandemics/strengthening-global-pandemic-prevention-preparedness-and-response/amending-the-international-health-regulations-2005",
      "date": "2026-03-17"
     }
    ]
   },
   "national": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "Owns Covid inquiry response; Biosecurity Act amendments, higher border penalties",
    "with_others_note": "Its minister rejected IHR amendments citing process; no alternative stated",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "National, Government responds to COVID-19 Inquiry",
      "url": "https://www.national.org.nz/news/20260729-honsimeonbrown",
      "date": "2026-07-29"
     },
     {
      "title": "National, Growing more to feed the world (PDF)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261018201850/https://assets.national.org.nz/web/prod/Growing%20More%20to%20Feed%20the%20World.pdf?v=1792108210",
      "date": "2026-10-16"
     },
     {
      "title": "Victoria University of Wellington, NZ's rejection of new WHO pandemic rules makes 'no real sense'",
      "url": "https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/news/2026/04/nzs-rejection-of-new-who-pandemic-rules-makes-no-real-sense",
      "date": "2026-04-09"
     }
    ]
   },
   "labour": {
    "home": "Silent",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "No pandemic preparedness policy found by the cut-off",
    "with_others_note": "No WHO or pandemic cooperation position found",
    "sources": []
   },
   "greens": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Wants resourced health system for pandemics, vigorous biosecurity; no measure",
    "with_others_note": "No WHO or pandemic cooperation position found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Covid Inquiry report underlines need to invest in Health",
      "url": "https://www.greens.org.nz/covid_inquiry_report_underlines_need_to_invest_in_health",
      "date": "2024-11-28"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Biodiversity and Environmental Regeneration Policy",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260827221752/https://www.greens.org.nz/biodiversity_environmental_regeneration_policy",
      "date": "2026-03-09"
     }
    ]
   },
   "act": {
    "home": "Silent",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Comments on past lockdowns only; no preparedness policy",
    "with_others_note": "No WHO or pandemic cooperation position found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "The Spinoff, The second Covid report is out, now Winston Peters wants another one",
      "url": "https://thespinoff.co.nz/the-bulletin/12-03-2026/the-second-covid-report-is-out-now-winston-peters-wants-another-one",
      "date": "2026-03-12"
     }
    ]
   },
   "nz-first": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "Seeks vaccine injury inquiry; no preparedness measure",
    "with_others_note": "Campaigned for, then delivered, rejection of IHR amendments",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "The Spinoff, The second Covid report is out, now Winston Peters wants another one",
      "url": "https://thespinoff.co.nz/the-bulletin/12-03-2026/the-second-covid-report-is-out-now-winston-peters-wants-another-one",
      "date": "2026-03-12"
     },
     {
      "title": "Chris Lynch Media, Government rejects WHO pandemic rule changes",
      "url": "https://www.chrislynchmedia.com/news-items/government-rejects-who-pandemic-rule-changes/",
      "date": "2026-03-17"
     }
    ]
   },
   "te-pati-maori": {
    "home": "Silent",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "No pandemic preparedness policy found",
    "with_others_note": "No WHO or pandemic cooperation position found",
    "sources": []
   },
   "opportunity": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Gene tech rules by independent expert, case-by-case assessment",
    "with_others_note": "No WHO or pandemic cooperation position found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Gene Technology Policy",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260819052122/https://www.opportunity.org.nz/gene_technology_policy",
      "date": "2026-08-19"
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "nobody_addresses": "No party has a policy on screening synthetic DNA orders, oversight of high-risk laboratory research, or the Biological Weapons Convention. No party sets out what it would do on the WHO Pandemic Agreement.",
  "question_to_ask": "Would your party sign the WHO Pandemic Agreement and pass a standing pandemic law before the next emergency, and if not, what would it do instead?"
 },
 {
  "id": "R4",
  "name": "Great-power conflict, including nuclear war",
  "why_it_matters": "Rivalry between nuclear-armed powers is rising, arms control treaties are lapsing and wars in Europe and the Middle East already involve nuclear states. It ranks high because a single escalation could kill millions directly and, through nuclear winter, threaten global food supply for years. It makes other risks worse by halting cooperation on climate, pandemics and AI, and by speeding a race to militarise new technologies.",
  "stakes_for_nz": {
   "text": "New Zealand would be far from any front line but is exposed through sea lanes for fuel and trade, undersea cables, cyberattack and the security of its Pacific neighbours. It must also balance its nuclear-free law and Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons membership against pressure from close partners to spend more and join AUKUS Pillar II.",
   "number_to_know": "The 2025 Defence Capability Plan commits $12b over four years, including $9b of new funding, lifting defence to more than 2% of GDP within eight years.",
   "source": {
    "title": "Ministry of Defence, Defence Capability Plan released",
    "url": "https://defence.govt.nz/news/defence-capability-plan-released"
   }
  },
  "nz_controls": [
   "Defence Force size, equipment and readiness, including cyber and space capabilities and Pacific disaster and surveillance work.",
   "Resilience of critical infrastructure to cut-off or attack: fuel stocks, undersea cables, the grid and government networks.",
   "Domestic law on the nuclear-free zone, export controls and foreign interference."
  ],
  "nz_with_others": [
   "Alliances and partnerships: the Australian alliance and Anzac force integration, Five Eyes, and the open question of AUKUS Pillar II.",
   "Arms control: the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, the Non-Proliferation Treaty review cycle and talks on autonomous weapons at the UN.",
   "Pacific security: the Pacific Islands Forum, regional policing and maritime surveillance, and aid that keeps New Zealand the partner of choice."
  ],
  "status_quo": "The 2025 Defence Capability Plan funds a rise to more than 2% of GDP, with cyber and space capabilities and closer Anzac integration, under the 2023 National Security Strategy. New Zealand stays in Five Eyes and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, keeps its nuclear-free law, and has explored but not joined AUKUS Pillar II.",
  "ratings": {
   "current-settings": {
    "home": "Funded plan",
    "with_others": "Funded plan",
    "home_note": "Defence Capability Plan: $12b over four years, cyber and space, in Budget baselines.",
    "with_others_note": "Five Eyes, Anzac integration and Pacific aid funded; party to TPNW; nuclear-free law kept.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Ministry of Defence, Defence Capability Plan released",
      "url": "https://defence.govt.nz/news/defence-capability-plan-released",
      "date": "2025-04-07"
     },
     {
      "title": "DPMC, Secure Together: New Zealand's National Security Strategy 2023",
      "url": "https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/national-security/national-security-strategy",
      "date": "2023-08-04"
     },
     {
      "title": "New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1987/0086/latest/whole.html",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     },
     {
      "title": "MFAT, Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons",
      "url": "https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/peace-rights-and-security/disarmament/nuclear-disarmament/treaty-on-the-prohibition-of-nuclear-weapons",
      "date": "2018-07-31"
     }
    ]
   },
   "national": {
    "home": "Funded plan",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Led the funded Defence Capability Plan, 'the floor, not the ceiling'; no 2026 policy.",
    "with_others_note": "Anzac force integration with Australia; nuclear-free stance 'won't be changing' (Luxon); Pacific aid protected.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "National, Multi-billion dollar Defence plan unveiled",
      "url": "https://www.national.org.nz/news/20250407-multibilliondollardefenceplan",
      "date": "2025-04-07"
     },
     {
      "title": "Asia Pacific Report, Luxon says NZ's nuclear-free stance not changing",
      "url": "https://asiapacificreport.nz/2026/06/02/non-negotiable-christopher-luxon-says-nzs-nuclear-free-stance-not-changing/",
      "date": "2026-06-02"
     },
     {
      "title": "National, More medicines and earlier care",
      "url": "https://www.national.org.nz/policies/more-medicines-and-earlier-care",
      "date": "2026-10-06"
     }
    ]
   },
   "labour": {
    "home": "Acknowledges",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Backs the government's defence spending rise; no defence measure of its own.",
    "with_others_note": "No AUKUS; keep UN, ICJ and ICC; back Ukraine; aid to 0.7% uncosted.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "1News, Future Labour govt won't join AUKUS, Hipkins says",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2024/12/01/hipkins-rules-out-labour-joining-aukus-in-future-government/",
      "date": "2024-12-01"
     },
     {
      "title": "Asia Pacific Report, Luxon says NZ's nuclear-free stance not changing",
      "url": "https://asiapacificreport.nz/2026/06/02/non-negotiable-christopher-luxon-says-nzs-nuclear-free-stance-not-changing/",
      "date": "2026-06-02"
     },
     {
      "title": "Labour, Speech: Labour's foreign policy",
      "url": "https://www.labour.org.nz/news/speech-labours-foreign-policy/",
      "date": "2026-09-23"
     },
     {
      "title": "Labour, Speech: New Zealand, an independent voice in the world",
      "url": "https://www.labour.org.nz/news/speech-new-zealand-an-independent-voice-in-the-world/",
      "date": "2026-09-23"
     }
    ]
   },
   "greens": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Refocus Defence Force on climate, humanitarian work and monitoring; never buy autonomous weapons; uncosted.",
    "with_others_note": "Leave Five Eyes; no AUKUS; back autonomous weapons ban; oppose Pacific militarisation.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Global Affairs and Trade",
      "url": "https://www.greens.org.nz/manifesto_2026_global_affairs_and_trade",
      "date": "2026-08-13"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Safe, sovereign AI: An AI Plan for Aotearoa (PDF)",
      "url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/beachheroes/pages/97177/attachments/original/1791760041/AI_policy_2026_WEBSITE.pdf?1791760041",
      "date": "2026-10-12"
     }
    ]
   },
   "act": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "Called for 2% of GDP on defence, now met by current plan; backs the rise.",
    "with_others_note": "Calls nuclear-free stance fair; keeps Ukraine aid; no alliance or arms control measure.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "ACT, Finally NZ can be taken seriously on defence",
      "url": "https://www.act.org.nz/news/finally-nz-can-be-taken-seriously-on-defence",
      "date": "2025-04-07"
     },
     {
      "title": "Asia Pacific Report, Luxon says NZ's nuclear-free stance not changing",
      "url": "https://asiapacificreport.nz/2026/06/02/non-negotiable-christopher-luxon-says-nzs-nuclear-free-stance-not-changing/",
      "date": "2026-06-02"
     },
     {
      "title": "ACT, New Zealand can't keep exporting taxpayers' money",
      "url": "https://www.act.org.nz/news/new-zealand-can-t-keep-exporting-taxpayers-money",
      "date": "2026-10-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "nz-first": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "$1b subsurface survey for fuel security, citing geopolitical supply risk; no funding source.",
    "with_others_note": "No alliance, arms control or Pacific security position found in party documents.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "NZ First, Future Proofing our Fuel Security",
      "url": "https://www.nzfirst.nz/future_proofing_our_fuel_security",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     },
     {
      "title": "NZ First, Policy index (includes 'We Will Withdraw From The Paris Accord')",
      "url": "https://www.nzfirst.nz/policy",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     }
    ]
   },
   "te-pati-maori": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Focus Defence Force on protection, disaster response and the Pacific; uncosted.",
    "with_others_note": "Declare military neutrality and review all alliances, leaving those that undermine sovereignty.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Te Pāti Māori, Military Neutrality",
      "url": "https://www.maoriparty.org.nz/military_neutrality",
      "date": "2026-06-03"
     }
    ]
   },
   "opportunity": {
    "home": "Silent",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "No defence, security or conflict resilience policy found.",
    "with_others_note": "No alliance, arms control or Pacific security policy found.",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Policy.nz 2026",
      "url": "https://policy.nz/",
      "date": "2026-10-21"
     },
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Bottom Lines",
      "url": "https://www.opportunity.org.nz/bottom_lines",
      "date": "2026-09-29"
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "nobody_addresses": "No party says what New Zealand would do to keep fuel, food and medicines flowing, or to protect undersea cables, if a war in Asia closed sea lanes for months. No party sets out a nuclear disarmament initiative beyond holding current treaty positions.",
  "question_to_ask": "If a war in Asia cut shipping for six months, what would your party have in place for fuel, food and medicines, and with which partners?"
 },
 {
  "id": "R5",
  "name": "Erosion of trust and governance",
  "why_it_matters": "Democracies depend on people trusting elections, courts, the public service and a shared set of facts; polarisation, synthetic content, foreign interference and weak media all wear that trust down. It ranks high because the decline is slow and hard to reverse, and cheap AI-made content is making deception easier at the same time as local journalism shrinks. It makes other risks worse: a country that cannot agree on facts or trust its institutions struggles to act on pandemics, climate, AI or war.",
  "stakes_for_nz": {
   "text": "New Zealand starts from relatively high trust, but political parties and news media have been its least trusted institutions, and trust splits sharply by whether people feel they have a say. Its small media market, open society and Pacific ties make it an attractive and cheap target for disinformation and foreign interference.",
   "number_to_know": "In the OECD's latest trust survey (fieldwork late 2025, published June 2026), 47% of New Zealanders had high or moderately high trust in the central government (OECD average 40%), but only 36% trusted political parties.",
   "source": {
    "title": "OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions 2026 Results: New Zealand (29 June 2026)",
    "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-survey-on-drivers-of-trust-in-public-institutions-2026-results_c88c8869-en/new-zealand_cc038706-en.html"
   }
  },
  "nz_controls": [
   "Election law: donations and lobbying rules, enrolment and voting rules, and rules on deceptive or AI-generated election material enforced by the Electoral Commission.",
   "Institutions: independent checks such as a Parliamentary Budget Office or costing unit, an anti-corruption body, the Official Information Act and stable funding for public media.",
   "Security: foreign interference offences, intelligence agency resources, and a regulator for online platforms."
  ],
  "nz_with_others": [
   "Five Eyes and the National Security Strategy partners: shared intelligence on foreign interference and influence operations.",
   "Christchurch Call: the multi-government and platform initiative on violent extremist content online, now run by a charitable foundation.",
   "OECD and the Open Government Partnership: shared standards on integrity, transparency and countering disinformation."
  ],
  "status_quo": "New offences for foreign interference came into force on 27 November 2025, and the National Security Strategy 2023 names disinformation and foreign interference as core security issues. Same-day enrolment has ended, government funding for the Christchurch Call secretariat stopped in 2024, Budget 2026 trimmed public media funding, and the under-16 social media bill was introduced but not passed.",
  "ratings": {
   "current-settings": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Plans",
    "home_note": "Foreign interference offences in force; under-16 bill only introduced",
    "with_others_note": "NSS 2023 names disinformation, interference; Five Eyes intelligence partnership",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Ministry of Justice, Countering foreign interference",
      "url": "https://justice.govt.nz/justice-sector-policy/key-initiatives/countering-foreign-interference",
      "date": "2025-11-27"
     },
     {
      "title": "DPMC, New Zealand's National Security Strategy: Secure Together Tō Tātou Korowai Manaaki",
      "url": "https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/national-security/new-zealands-national-security-strategy",
      "date": "2023-08-04"
     }
    ]
   },
   "national": {
    "home": "Funded plan",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Election policy costing unit, $1.2m in fiscal plan; online regulator",
    "with_others_note": "No international position on trust or interference in party documents",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "National, Fiscal Plan (PDF)",
      "url": "https://assets.national.org.nz/web/prod/National's%20Fiscal%20Plan.pdf?v=1791759269",
      "date": "2026-10-12"
     },
     {
      "title": "National, Government moves to ban U16s from social media",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260826043303/https://www.national.org.nz/news/260824-christopherluxon",
      "date": "2026-08-24"
     }
    ]
   },
   "labour": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Parliamentary Budget Office, same-day enrolment, digital regulator, deepfake rules",
    "with_others_note": "No international position on trust or interference found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Labour, Labour will back Kiwis and grow the economy",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260824014918/https://www.labour.org.nz/news/release-labour-will-back-kiwis-and-grow-the-economy/",
      "date": "2026-08-23"
     },
     {
      "title": "Labour, National is making it harder to vote",
      "url": "https://www.labour.org.nz/news/release-national-is-making-it-harder-to-vote/",
      "date": "2026-07-24"
     },
     {
      "title": "Labour, Safer online (PDF)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20261018220554/https://www.labour.org.nz/safer-online",
      "date": "2026-10-19"
     }
    ]
   },
   "greens": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "$30,000 donation cap, lobbyist register, digital duty of care, public media",
    "with_others_note": "Build on the Christchurch Call with like-minded countries; no measure",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Greens announce plans to get big money and influence out of politics",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260922021224/https://www.greens.org.nz/greens_announce_plan_to_get_big_money_and_influence_out_of_politics",
      "date": "2026-09-22"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Digital Technology (Manifesto 2026)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260813024350/https://www.greens.org.nz/manifesto_2026_digital_technology",
      "date": "2026-08-13"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Culture and Creativity (Manifesto 2026)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260813023538/https://www.greens.org.nz/manifesto_2026_culture_and_creativity",
      "date": "2026-08-13"
     },
     {
      "title": "Green Party, Safe, sovereign AI: An AI Plan for Aotearoa (PDF)",
      "url": "https://assets.nationbuilder.com/beachheroes/pages/97177/attachments/original/1791760041/AI_policy_2026_WEBSITE.pdf?1791760041",
      "date": "2026-10-12"
     }
    ]
   },
   "act": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Bar regulators disciplining lawful speech; Electoral Commission to police misinformation",
    "with_others_note": "No international position found by the cut-off",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "ACT, Let small business get on with business (PDF)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260915041430/https://assets.nationbuilder.com/actnz/pages/37328/attachments/original/1789360133/Let_small_business_get_on_with_business.pdf?1789360133",
      "date": "2026-09-15"
     },
     {
      "title": "1News, Election 2026: What parties say about the threat of AI to fool voters",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/02/10/election-2026-what-parties-say-about-the-threat-of-ai-to-fool-voters",
      "date": "2026-02-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "nz-first": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Citizens-only voting; binding referendum on the Māori seats",
    "with_others_note": "No international position on trust or interference found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "NZ First, Citizen's Only Voting",
      "url": "https://www.nzfirst.nz/citizens_only_voting",
      "date": "2026-08-27"
     },
     {
      "title": "NZ First, Referendum on Māori Seats",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260813014751/https://www.nzfirst.nz/referendum_on_maori_seats",
      "date": "2026-08-13"
     }
    ]
   },
   "te-pati-maori": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Acknowledges",
    "home_note": "Te Tiriti Commission as Officer of Parliament; constitutional convention",
    "with_others_note": "UNDRIP action plan within 100 days; indirect link to this risk",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Te Pāti Māori, Te Tiriti Entrenchment Policy (PDF)",
      "url": "https://img.scoop.co.nz/media/pdfs/2609/TIRITI_ENTRENCHMENT_POLICY.pdf",
      "date": "2026-09-09"
     },
     {
      "title": "1News, Election 2026: What parties say about the threat of AI to fool voters",
      "url": "https://www.1news.co.nz/2026/02/10/election-2026-what-parties-say-about-the-threat-of-ai-to-fool-voters",
      "date": "2026-02-10"
     }
    ]
   },
   "opportunity": {
    "home": "Plans",
    "with_others": "Silent",
    "home_note": "Anti-corruption body, misleading election ad ban, citizens' assemblies; $52m a year",
    "with_others_note": "No international position on trust or interference found",
    "sources": [
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Clean Up Politics",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260819043010/https://www.opportunity.org.nz/clean_up_politics",
      "date": "2026-08-19"
     },
     {
      "title": "Opportunity, Citizens Voice Policy (PDF)",
      "url": "https://cdn.opportunity.org.nz/documents/policy/citizens-voice-policy.pdf",
      "date": "2026-08-19"
     }
    ]
   }
  },
  "nobody_addresses": "No party has a plan for AI-generated election material in time for the 2029 election, or for the shrinking of local news beyond funding public media. No party proposes new international cooperation on foreign interference or disinformation.",
  "question_to_ask": "What would your party change before the 2029 election so voters can trust what they see online and know who is paying to influence them?"
 }
]